Ejector with variable mixing section and primary nozzle areas

ABSTRACT

The effectiveness of a jet pump is increased over a wide range of operating pressures by varying the areas of the primary nozzle and mixing chamber so that the ratio of the two is held at a substantially constant value by a plug designed such that the ratio of any cross-sectional areas of two spaced stations of the mixing chamber along the longitudinal axis of the plug is also substantially constant for each position of the primary nozzle.

Ilnite States atent [191 ilmot, Jr.

5]March 2a, 1973 1 EJEETOR WITI-I VARIABLE MIXING SECTION AND PRIMARY NOZZLE AREAS [75] Inventor: George E. Wilmot, Jun, Warehouse Point, Conn.

[73] Assignee: United Aircraft Corporation, East Hartford, Conn.

[22] Filed: June 2, 1971 [21] Appl. No.: 149,134

[52] US. Cl. ..239/416.4, 239/4173, 239/4175 [51] Int. Cl. "B0513 7/12 [58] Field oll Search ..239/4l6.4, 416.5, 417.3

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 7 969,978 9/1910 Phillips ..239/417.3

3/1932 Hofmann ..239/4l6.5 2,747,846 5/1956 3,095,153 6/1963 3,419,339 12/1968 Schreter et al. ..239/4l7.3 X

Pri'niary Examiner-M. Henson Wood, .lr. Assistant Examiner-Reinhold W. Thieme Att0rney-Norman Friedland 5 7 ABSTRACT The effectiveness of a jet pump is increased over a wide range of operating pressures by varying the areas of the primary nozzle and mixing chamber so that the ratio of the two is held at a substantially constant value by a plug designed such that the ratio of any cross-sectional areas of two spaced stations of the mixing chamber along the longitudinal axis of the plug is 'also substantially constant for each position of the primary nozzle.

4 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures EJECTOR WITH VARIABLE MIXING SECTION AND PRIMARY NOZZLE AREAS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to jet pumps and more particularly to an e ector having variable primary nozzle area and mixing chamber area.

This invention constitutes an improvement over the ejector claimed and disclosed in U.S. Pat. 3,531,218 granted to J. L. Warner on Sept. 29, 1970, and assigned to the same assignee. As is disclosed in that patent, a hinged gate type of valve on the end of the primary nozzle of the ejector serves to concomitantly open and close the primary and secondary nozzles. In this arrangement the mixing chamber, that is, where the primary flow and secondary flow intermingle immediately downstream of the nozzles, remains fixed.

For situations where it is necessary for the ejector to operate over wide range of operating conditions, the ejector disclosed in the patent noted above and the prior art devices have proven to be less efficient at the high flow ranges although quite satisfactory during the low flow ranges. Thus, I have found that I can improve the effectiveness of an ejector by providing means for varying the mixing area and primary nozzle area simultaneously. In orderto obtain an effective ejector over the entire operating range in accordance with this invention, it is necessary to maintain the ratio between the areas of the primary nozzle and the mixing chamber at substantially a constant value and also maintain the cross-sectional areas of any two stations taken along the longitudinal axis of the mixing chamber at a substantially constant value.

By utilizing a plug in the mixing area serving to vary the area of the primary nozzle and also changing the size of the length of the mixing chamber, the ejector provides a minimum pressure drop while assuring that the efficiency of the ejector is maintained at an acceptable level over'the entire operating range.

Such a configuration results in an overall shorter ejector affording an efficient device within a smaller envelope than heretofore achieved which is of paramount importance particularly in an aircraft appli-' cation.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION areas of the primary nozzle and the mixing chamber at BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. I is a graph plotting the values of the areaof the primary nozzle and the ratio of the mixing chamber and primary nozzle areas for both an ejector of the-present invention and a prior art ejector having a variable primary nozzle and a fixed mixing chamber.

FIG. 2 is a view, partly in section and partly in schematic, illustrating the details of the preferred embodiment of this invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The graph shown in FIG. 1 is a plot of a prior art ejector having a fixed mixing chamber and variable primary nozzle showing the dimensions illustrated by line 10 and the plot of the improved ejector illustrated by line 12. It is apparent that between primary nozzle areas of l to 1.5 the improved ejector is dimensioned so that the area ratio of the mixing chamber to primary nozzle is substantially constant whereas the prior art ejector illustrated by line 10 shows that this relationship is not constant. While plugs have been used in heretofore known ejectors, these types of ejectors do not maintain the area ratio of any two stations taken along the longitudinal axis thereof at a substantially constant value and thus not affording the effectiveness obtained by the present invention.

Referring next to FIG. 2 which shows an ejector generally illustrated by the numeral 14 having a primary nozzle 16 and a secondary nozzle 18. A substantially conically shaped plug member 20 is positioned by the actuator generally illustrated by the numeral 22 for moving it relative to the primary nozzle 16 for varying its area and changing the volume of the mixing chamber. The inner diameter of duct 24 and the outer diameter of the plug 20 define an annular space (mixing chamber 25) which receives the flow from the primary nozzle and the secondary nozzle. As is apparent, the length of the mixing chamber and volume are varied by varying the position of plug 20. Thus, positioning of the plug 20 concomitantly changes the area of the primary nozzle 16 and the length and volume of the mixing chamber 26. Actuator 22 may be a cylinder having movable piston 28 for receiving pressurized fluid to effectuate movement thereof. Connecting rod 30 connects member 32 which is firmly affixed to the inner diameter of the plug 20. The actuator 22 may be supported in fixed plug 34 which is secured by suitable struts 36 to the innerdiameter of the duct 24. The actuator may take any form since it is not deemed part of the invention. It will be noted that the duct 24 and the fixed plug 34 may be dimensioned to form a diffuser section for the ejector so as to effectively recover static pressure. To enhance the flow it is desirable that the plug 34 be nested in movable plug 20.

It is an important aspect of this invention that the mixing chamber be dimensioned such that the crosssectional area of any two stations taken along the longitudinal axis of plug 20 will be so dimensioned that its taken along the longitudinal axis. Additionally, the area of the primary nozzle illustrated by reference letter A ratioed to the entire sectional area of the mixing section taken through a longitudinal plane of the mixing chamber will also remain substantially constant.

As this invention is used for an air-conditioning system for aircraft and utilizes the engine bleed air, it is apparent that the materials selected are selected to withstand high pressures and temperatures.

It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments shown and described herein, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of this novel concept as defined by the following claims.

I claim:

1. An ejector having a primary nozzle and a secondary nozzle disposed in a duct,

an elongated movable plug disposed in said duct immediately downstream of said primary and secondary nozzles defining with said duct an annular mixing chamber,

means for positioning said elongated movable plug relative to said primary nozzle for changing the area of said primary nozzle,

said plug being dimensioned such that the ratio of the area of said mixing chamber to the area of said primary nozzle remain substantially constant and the ratio of cross-sectional areas of any two stations along the longitudinal axis of said plug also remains substantially constant.

2. An ejector as claimed in claim 1 including an elongated fixed plug disposed in said duct in axial alignment with said elongated movable plug and defining with said duct a diffuser nozzle.

3. An ejector as claimed in claim 1 wherein said movable plug concomitantly changes the area of the primary nozzle and the longitudinal crosssectional area of said mixing chamber.

4. An ejector disposed in a duct having a primary nozzle and a secondary nozzle,

an elongated movable plug disposed in said duct immediately downstream of said primary and secondary nozzles defining with said duct an annular mixing chamber and having one end portion mova' ble into and out of the exit opening of the primary nozzle,

means for positioning said elongated movable plug relative to said primary nozzle for varying the opening of said primary nozzle to a full open and full closed position,

said plug being conically-like dimensioned such that the ratio of the area of said mixing chamber to the area of said primary nozzle remain substantially constant and the ratio of cross-sectional areas of any two stations along the longitudinal axis of said plug also remains substantially constant,

the space between said elongated movable plug and said duct being wider adjacent the primary nozzle and fairing to a narrower space at the opposite end of said plug. 

1. An ejector having a primary nozzle and a secondary nozzle disposed in a duct, an elongated moVable plug disposed in said duct immediately downstream of said primary and secondary nozzles defining with said duct an annular mixing chamber, means for positioning said elongated movable plug relative to said primary nozzle for changing the area of said primary nozzle, said plug being dimensioned such that the ratio of the area of said mixing chamber to the area of said primary nozzle remain substantially constant and the ratio of cross-sectional areas of any two stations along the longitudinal axis of said plug also remains substantially constant.
 2. An ejector as claimed in claim 1 including an elongated fixed plug disposed in said duct in axial alignment with said elongated movable plug and defining with said duct a diffuser nozzle.
 3. An ejector as claimed in claim 1 wherein said movable plug concomitantly changes the area of the primary nozzle and the longitudinal cross-sectional area of said mixing chamber.
 4. An ejector disposed in a duct having a primary nozzle and a secondary nozzle, an elongated movable plug disposed in said duct immediately downstream of said primary and secondary nozzles defining with said duct an annular mixing chamber and having one end portion movable into and out of the exit opening of the primary nozzle, means for positioning said elongated movable plug relative to said primary nozzle for varying the opening of said primary nozzle to a full open and full closed position, said plug being conically-like dimensioned such that the ratio of the area of said mixing chamber to the area of said primary nozzle remain substantially constant and the ratio of cross-sectional areas of any two stations along the longitudinal axis of said plug also remains substantially constant, the space between said elongated movable plug and said duct being wider adjacent the primary nozzle and fairing to a narrower space at the opposite end of said plug. 